材料期刊网

pH值对W-Cu (70 g:30 g)共沉淀回收率的影响

李在元 , 顾惠敏 , 翟玉春

稀有金属材料与工程

用NH4OH 把H2WO4转化成(NH4)2WO4,再以CuSO4水溶液和(NH4)2WO4水溶液为反应物,用NH4OH和H2SO4调节pH值,进行W-Cu (70 g: 30 g)共沉淀反应,考察了pH值对W-Cu共沉淀回收率的影响;理论计算了pH值对W-Cu共沉淀回收率的影响.实验结果表明:Cu的回收率随pH值增大而提高,pH值大于6.0时,Cu的回收率有下降的趋势; W的回收率随pH值增大而降低;当pH值为5.2时,W和Cu的回收率相等,且只有一个相等点,此时两者的回收率大于99%,这与理论计算结果相符合.

关键词: H2WO4 , CuSO4·5 , H2O , 共沉淀 , pH值 , 回收率

PP-g-MMA对PP/W力学性能和非等温结晶的影响

林水东 , 吴粦华 , 丁马太 , 章汝平 , 叶雅龙

功能材料

考察了增容剂聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PP-g-MMA)对聚丙烯/硅灰石(PP/W)复合材料力学性能和非等温结晶行为的影响.用Avrami、Ozawa、Mo、Dobreva、Kissinger等方法对非等温结晶的数据进行分析:ΔGac、ε、n、α参数表明,W自身有较强的异相成核活性,且会改变PP的结晶成核和生长机理;Kc、t1/2、F(T)、Tp、Xc参数表明,W的填充和PP-g-MMA的掺入,均会提高PP的结晶速率;ΔE和ε表明,W还起着阻碍PP大分子链或链段运动的作用,而 PP-g-MMA则会进一步增强这种阻碍作用.由于PP-g-MMA的掺入,PP/W复合材料的刚性、强度和韧性均得以提高.

关键词: 聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯 , 聚丙烯 , 硅灰石 , 力学性能 , 非等温结晶

阳极TiO2/g-C3N4与阴极WO3/W纳米催化剂之间扩大的异质结自偏压系统去除污染物

于婷婷 , 柳丽芬 , 杨凤林

催化学报 doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62556-1

电化学或光电化学半导体催化剂广泛应用于降解污水中的有机与无机污染物,有望实现低能耗且高效的污染物降解.目前,已有多种异质结半导体光催化剂的研究报道,并且大多数的研究结果显示催化剂活性有明显提高,但仍存在着光激发后电子与空穴的复合问题.光电化学系统的构建可减少电子与空穴的复合,因光催化阳极与光催化阴极之间费米能级的不同,在两极之间形成异质结,产生内电场,自生偏压驱动电子流动.已有诸多研究报道将TiO2催化剂与g-C3N4复合形成异质结,提高光催化活性.由于g-C3N4(~–1.12 eV vs.NHE)导带位置相比于TiO2(~–0.2 eV vs.NHE)更负,因此在两者之间可形成内部偏压,驱动电子由g-C3N4转移至TiO2.WO3/W导带位置(~+0.2 eV vs.NHE)比TiO2与g-C3N4更正,因此自生内偏压促进电子由阳极流动至阴极.我们研究组发展了一种在无光条件下的自偏压电化学燃料电池系统,异质结间的电子流动可活化氧气产生自由基,自由基可用于阳极污染物的降解,但阴极未降解污染物.本文在上述研究基础上,应用TiO2/g-C3N4异质结与WO3/W分别作为阳极与阴极催化剂,构建自偏压催化燃料电池系统,在无光条件下催化阳极与阴极之间自发电子转移,活化氧气产生自由基,同时实现低能耗阳极室内污染物如罗丹明B和三氯生的氧化,且电子用于阴极室内硝态氮的还原.通过在空气中原位加热与氧化钨丝制得WO3/W阴极,由扫描电镜图可知在钨丝表面形成三氧化钨纳米粒子,此结构增大了催化剂的表面积以及催化剂与电解液的接触面积,有利于电荷转移.用循环伏安曲线(CV)与电流时间曲线(I-t)表征了电极的电化学性质.CV测试结果表明,相比于硫酸钠电解液,WO3/W阴极在含有硝态氮的电解液中存在还原峰,且紫外照射比无光条件下的电流略大,说明此电极在无光条件下可用于还原硝态氮,有光更利于激发催化剂产生电子与空穴降解和去除污染物.在硫酸钠电解液中,无光照条件下(同室),I-t曲线表明TiO2/g-C3N4相比于WO3/W电极可产生更大电流,因此选择TiO2/g-C3N4作为阳极,WO3/W作为阴极.在含污染物电解液中,无光照条件下,Pt片作为对电极时(同室),I-t曲线中的电流在曝气时比未曝气时小,说明电极上产生的部分电子用于活化氧气产生自由基,因此转移到外电路的电子减少,电流变小;相反,当TiO2/g-C3N4阳极置于阳极室,WO3/W阴极置于阴极室时(两室),阳极鼓入空气,阴极曝氮气时,电流比两室均未曝气时大,说明此系统有利于电子产生与转移,用于氧化还原去除污染物.相比于传统方法,此系统通过阳极室内曝空气与活化分子氧形成自由基,无需外加偏压,在有光与无光条件下,均可实现对阳极室与阴极室内不同污染物的同时去除或降解,同时提出了此系统中的降解机理.

关键词: 自偏压系统 , 异质结 , 无光照 , 低能耗 , 污染物降解

不同加载条件下50W800G硅钢板的拉伸性能

何玉林 , 尹玉珍 , 孙明军

机械工程材料

对50W800G硅钢板采用十字形试样进行了不同加载条件下的单向拉伸试验和双向拉伸试验,并运用ANSYS软件对试验结果进行了有限元模拟.结果表明:50W800G硅钢板双向等比拉伸时的应力-应变曲线位于双向非等比拉伸和单向拉伸时的应力-应变曲线之上;50W800G硅钢没有明显的各向异性行为,双向等比拉伸时轧制方向的应力-应变曲线稍高于垂直于轧制方向的,而双向非等比拉伸时垂直于轧制方向的应力-应变曲线稍高于轧制方向的;ANSYS有限元数值模拟的结果可用来预测双向拉伸过程中的应力-应变关系.

关键词: 硅钢板 , 双向拉伸试验 , 加载路径 , 有限元模拟

Investigations of the g factors for Co2+ in fluoroperovskites

Physica B-Condensed Matter

The perturbation formula of g factor for 3d(7) ion in cubic octahedral crystals has been obtained from a cluster approach. In the formula, the parameters related to the configuration interaction and the covalency reduction effect can be obtained from the optical spectra of the crystal under study and so no adjustable parameters are applied. From the formula, the g factors for Co2+ in fluoroperovskites LiBaF3, KMBF3, KZnF3 and CsCdF3 are calculated. The calculated results are in agreement with the observed values. The g factor following the order of LiBaF3 : Co2+ < KMgF3 : Co2+ < KZnF3: Co2+ < CsCdF3 : Co2+ is also explained. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词: electron paramagnetic resonance;crystal- and ligand-field theory;Co2+;LiBaF3;KMgF3;KZnF3;CsCdF3;perovskite;transition;impurities;crystals

大规格风电轴承钢G20Cr2Ni4A的开发

穆立峰 , 马永强 , 李涛 , 孙常亮 , 韩冬

钢铁研究

介绍了抚顺特殊钢公司通过快锻工艺制造φ400～700 mm大规格风电轴承钢的生产实践.通过控制钢中残余元素、VD精练结束前高拉铝、采用保护气氛浇注、使用保护气氛电渣炉生产及墩拔锻造工艺等,使渗碳轴承钢G20Cr2Ni4A的w(Ti)≤0.003％,w(A1)为0.015％～0.050％,w(O)≤0.001 5％,w(Sn)≤0.03％,w(As)≤0.04％,w(Sb)≤0.015％,w(Pb)≤0.02％,w(Ca)≤0.001％,w(Bi)≤0.02％,且钢中夹杂物及低倍组织处于较好水平,渗碳轴承钢晶粒度、性能、探伤等指标完全适合风电轴承套圈的使用要求.

关键词: 风电轴承钢 , 钛控制 , 快锻工艺

应用改进的G'/G2展开法求Zakharov方程的精确解

冯庆江 , 肖绍菊

连铸 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5461.2015.01.006

应用改进的G'/G2展开法构造出Zakharov方程的18组精确解,这些解主要包括双曲函数通解、三角函数通解和有理函数通解三种形式.当对双曲函数通解中的参数取特殊值时,可以得到孤立波解.对三角函数通解中的参数取特殊值时,可以得到对应的周期波函数解.实践证明,应用改进的G'/G2展开法能够得到Zakharov方程一些新的精确解,扩大了解的范围,这种方法对于研究非线性光学和量子光学具有非常广泛的应用意义.

关键词: 非线性方程 , 改进的G'/G2展开法 , Zakharov方程 , 孤立波解

Investigations of the EPR g factors of NaCrS2 and NaCrSe2

Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung Section a-a Journal of Physical Sciences

The EPR g factors of Cr3+ in NaCrS2 and NaCrSe2 crystals are calculated from the high-order perturbation formulas based on the one-spin-orbit (SO)-coupling-parameter (i.e., the SO-coupling-parameter of the central 3d(n) ion) as well as the two-SO-coupling-parameter (i.e., the SO-coupling-parameter of the 3d(n) ion and that of ligands) models for 3d(n) ions in cubic octahedral sites. The calculated results (in particular for NaCrSe2) based on the two-SO-coupling-parameter model are closer to the observed values than those based on the one-SO-coupling-parameter model, suggesting that for calculations of the g factor of 3d(n) ions in covalent crystals the two-SO-coupling-parameter model is preferable to the one-SO-coupling-parameter model. The reasonableness of the calculated results from the two-SO-coupling-parameter model is discussed.

关键词: electron paramagnetic resonance;crystal- and ligand-field theory;spin-orbit coupling;Cr3+;NaCrS2;NaCrSe2;atomic screening constants;chromium(iii) sulfides;scf functions;crystals;selenides;resonance;spectra

A study of the temperature dependence of g factor for MgO:V2+ crystal

Physica B-Condensed Matter

The temperature dependence of EPR g factor for MgO:V2+ crystal has been studied theoretically by considering both the static contribution due to the thermal expansion of crystal and the vibrational contributions due to the electron-phonon interaction of the acoustic and optical branches. The static contribution is calculated from the high-order perturbation formula of g factor and the thermal expansion coefficients alpha(T) at various temperatures. The vibrational contribution of acoustic phonons is obtained by using a Debye model for the lattice vibrations and that of optical phonons is calculated by use of a single frequency model. The calculated results show that for the g factor at various temperatures, the static contribution is dominant, but for the temperature dependence of g factor, i.e., (dg/dT)(p) or Delta g(T) = g(T) - g(0), the vibrational contributions from the acoustic and optical phonons are comparable with the static contribution due to thermal expansion. It appears that a reasonable theoretical explanation for the temperature dependence of g factor should take all of these contributions into account.

关键词: impurities

B2 precipitates and distribution of W in a Ti-47Al-2W-0.5Si alloy

Intermetallics

The precipitation behavior of B2 particles and the distribution of W in a Ti-47Al-2W-0.5Si alloy were investigated using high-spatial resolution analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The ledges at the alpha(2)/gamma interfaces were found to be enriched in W and therefore the preferable nucleation sites for the B2 precipitates. In the B2 phase, as high as one third of Al is substituted by W in comparison with the composition of the 7 phase. The segregation of W to the alpha(2)/gamma and B2/gamma interfaces was also detected. These results provide explanations for the previous observations that additions of tungsten are effective in promoting the creep resistance of TiAl alloys. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词: titanium aluminides, based on TiAl;precipitates;phase interfaces;site;occupany;electron microscopy, transmission;analytical electron-microscope;gamma-titanium aluminides;orientation;relationship;creep deformation;tial alloy;atomic-scale;segregation;microstructure;interfaces;resistance